Mariner 2 was the first spacecraft to discover the intense temperatures of Venus’s surface. It was supposed to be preceded by Mariner 1, but the earlier mission failed after launch. Mariner 2 conducted the first flyby of Venus in 1962. A number of space agencies, including NASA, Roscosmos, the ESA, and JAXA have sent missions to study Venus. Venus is also the hottest planet in the solar system due to the runaway greenhouse effect created by its thick atmosphere. Get started on your Space Studies Degree at American Military University. A sidereal day is ~4 minutes shorter than the solar day.) In fact, because Venus only takes 225 days to complete one orbit around the sun, its day is actually longer than its year. A sidereal day is the time it takes for the Earth to complete one rotation about its axis with respect to the “fixed” stars. (A solar day is the time it takes for the Earth to rotate about its axis so that the Sun appears in the same position in the sky.
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It also rotates extremely slowly, taking 243 Earth days to complete one full sidereal day. Unlike Earth, Venus does not have any moons. Other than the moon, Venus is the brightest object in the night sky. Venus is about 82 percent of Earth’s mass. It has been described as Earth’s twin due to their similar size.
Venus is one of the most interesting planets in the solar system. This is the second article in a seven-part series reviewing the extraterrestrial planets and other bodies of the solar system, as well as exploratory missions to study them. Faculty Director, School of Business, American Military University
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